Long working hours have emerged as a serious global concern, with studies consistently linking extended work schedules to severe health risks. From cardiovascular diseases and hypertension to mental health challenges and workplace injuries, the toll on employees is becoming increasingly evident. This phenomenon, often referred to as “working to death” or karoshi—a term originating from Japan—has now been observed across various regions, including the United States, Europe, and Asia.
Tragic Case of Anna Sebastian Perayil in India
The issue of excessive work pressure has recently hit closer to home in India. The tragic death of Anna Sebastian Perayil, a 26-year-old chartered accountant from Kerala, just four months into her employment at Ernst & Young (EY), has sparked nationwide attention. Anna’s mother, Anita Augustine, blames ‘work stress’ at EY for her daughter’s sudden death. In an email addressed to EY India’s chief, Rajiv Memani, Anita expressed her distress over the circumstances, pointing out how workplace practices at the multinational firm contributed to Anna’s untimely demise. Also read: Cancer Treatment Now Possible Without Chemo, Radiation, or Surgery, Major Breathrough by Devi Ahilya Cancer Hospital in Delhi
Health Risks of Long Working Hours
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Risks
One of the most significant health risks tied to long working hours is cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown a direct link between extended work shifts and an increased likelihood of heart attacks and strokes. Meta-analyses show that employees who work excessive hours face a 37% higher risk of developing cardiovascular problems. This aligns with the concerns raised by Anna Sebastian’s family, who believe that the intense demands of corporate life can have fatal consequences if not addressed properly. Also read: Workers’ Rights Under Siege: Janata Party Stands Firm with Samsung Workers in Tamil Nadu
Hypertension and Diabetes: A Growing Threat
Another significant health concern for overworked employees is hypertension, or high blood pressure. Working more than 60 hours per week has been associated with elevated blood pressure, raising the risk of strokes and other circulatory diseases. However, some studies present conflicting results, with a few suggesting no direct link between hypertension and long hours.
Diabetes mellitus, often exacerbated by stress and irregular eating habits, is another concern. Prolonged workdays can lead to unhealthy lifestyle choices, increasing the risk of diabetes, a major health issue in countries like India.
Mental Health, Stress, and Burnout
The mental health impacts of long working hours are profound, with stress, anxiety, and depression becoming more prevalent among overworked employees. Workers clocking more than 48 hours per week are significantly more prone to mental health issues. Studies reveal that those working over 80 hours weekly have nearly seven times the risk of experiencing depression compared to employees with standard work schedules.
Sleep Deprivation and Fatigue
Long working hours also severely impact sleep quality, contributing to chronic fatigue and an increased risk of occupational injuries. Employees working extended shifts tend to sleep less, reducing their concentration and performance. Sleep deprivation has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, and workplace accidents.
Research suggests that employees working more than 12 hours a day or over 60 hours a week are twice as likely to suffer from workplace injuries. Fatigue combined with insufficient sleep not only impacts personal health but also leads to dangerous errors in high-stakes jobs, further increasing the risk of serious accidents.
In India, where labor laws cap daily working hours at 9 with mandatory breaks, cases like Anna’s raise questions about how corporate environments handle overtime and employee well-being. Indian labor laws also mandate overtime pay, but this legal protection does little to address the health risks that come with extended working hours.
